In Backlash Presidents (Princeton 2025), Julia Azari traces the connection between racially transformative presidents and their successors.
The American Presidency Project
Non-profit and non-partisan, the APP is devoted to the idea of Constitutional government. We are the source of presidential documents on the internet. We are hosted at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
171,156 Presidential and Non-Presidential Records
171,156 Presidential and Non-Presidential Records
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Today in History
November 27, 1800
John Adams
Address of the House of Representatives to John Adams, President of the United States.
JOHN ADAMS,
President of the United States.
SIR: The House of Representatives have received with great respect the communication which you have been pleased to make to the two Houses of Congress at the commencement of the present session.
The final establishment o...
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Fine Work! And Relies on the APP!
Julia Azari, Backlash Presidents: From Transformative to Reactionary Leaders in American History
Statistics
Three questions for any Presidential Thanksgiving Proclamation:
- Does it refer to God or a Supreme Being? 2. Does it recount Thanksgiving history? Include American Indians? 3. What reasons are given for giving thanks?
Presidency in the Constitution
"Before he enter on the Execution of his office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation: I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of the President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States." (US Constitution, Article II, Section 1)
"He . . .by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law. . . (U.S. Constitution, Article II, Section 2)
"He shall from time to time give to Congress Information of the State of the Union. . .he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed and shall Commission all the Officers of the United States." (U.S. Constitution, Article II, Section 3)
Analyses
February 11, 2024
Starting in the late 20th Century, Presidents consistently emphasize recognition of a wide variety of cultural groups.
May 25, 2024
Presidents have been central in establishing and modifying our practices for Memorial Day.
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